hard shield fern (Polystichum aculeatum)
Polystichum aculeatum is an evergreen fern native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It forms rosettes of dark green, spiny fronds, thriving in moist, shady woods.
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Synonyms
Aetopteron aculeatum (L.) House
Aspidium aculeatum (L.) Sw.
Aspidium bosniacum Formánek
Aspidium haleakalense Mann
Aspidium lobatum (Huds.) Sw.
Aspidium plukenetii Steud.
Aspidium pseudolonchitis Dumort.
Aspidium serrulatum Opiz
Aspidium sublobatum Blume
Dryopteris aculeata (L.) Kuntze
Dryopteris lobata (Huds.) Schinz & Thell.
Hypopeltis aculeata (L.) Tod.
Hypopeltis lobulata Bory
Nephrodium aculeatum (L.) Coss. & Germ.
Phymatodes plukenetii C.Presl
Polypodium aculeatum L.
Polypodium appendiculatum Hoffm.
Polypodium lobatum Huds.
Polypodium plukenetii Loisel.
Polystichum lobatum (Huds.) Bastard
Polystichum plukenetii DC.
Polystichum pseudolochnitis Bellynck ex Dumort.
Polystichum stipitatum Chauvin
Tectaria aculeata (L.) Lag., Garcia & Clem.
Taxonomy
- kingdomPlantae
- divisionTracheophyta
- classPolypodiopsida
- orderPolypodiales
- familyDryopteridaceae
- genusPolystichum
- speciesPolystichum aculeatum